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Manufactured Fear
This paper investigates links between disinformation, digital echo chambers and transphobia on social media by examining transphobic memes found on X. A codebook analysis of 50 transphobic memes was conducted to uncover underlying themes. Those themes were disinformation, miscontextualization, and trolling, which reinforce harmful stereotypes. The research reveals that most of the content online relies on false information to normalize hate. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved digital literacy to counter online transphobia effectively in digital spaces.